The Army on the March

Chapter 9 descends to the operational specifics of terrain. Four major types receive detailed treatment. In mountain warfare: cross quickly, stay near valleys, camp on high ground facing the sun, never fight uphill. In river warfare: after crossing, move well away from the river; if the enemy crosses toward you, do not meet them in midstream — let half cross, then attack. If you want to deny them crossing, anchor yourself upstream facing the sun. In marsh warfare: get through as quickly as possible; if forced to fight, position near water and grass with trees at your back. On flat ground: take an accessible position with high ground to your right and rear.

The chapter turns from terrain type to the reading of enemy signals — the closest the book comes to field craft. Birds suddenly taking flight signals an ambush. Startled animals mean a surprise attack is coming. Dust rising in a tall column signals chariots or vehicles; dust spread low and wide signals infantry on the move; dust branching in different directions means parties are out gathering supplies. Humble words combined with increased preparations mean the enemy is about to attack. Aggressive language and a show of force mean they are about to retreat. Soldiers leaning on their weapons are starving. Those sent for water who drink before returning — the army is dying of thirst.

The chapter closes on command. A commander who underestimates the enemy and fails to plan will be captured. If you punish soldiers before earning their loyalty, they will not obey; if you earn their loyalty but never discipline them, they are useless. Treat soldiers with respect, then hold them to iron discipline. When training standards are consistently enforced, the army will be well disciplined. When they are not, discipline will collapse. A commander who shows genuine confidence in his troops while always insisting on obedience will earn mutual loyalty — and mutual loyalty is the foundation of an army that can be trusted in the field.