Chapter 762 of 1525

Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 1

Summary

Book 5 begins as Megabazos, commanding the Persian force left in Europe, subdues Perinthos and then systematically conquers the remaining Hellespontine peoples, consolidating Persian control of the Thracian coast.

Appears

Themes

All 1525 chapters — click to jump

Chapter 1The work's famous first sentence announces its purpose: to preserve the great deeds of Greeks and barbarians from oblivion, and to record the cause of their wars.
Chapter 2The Persians continue their account of mutual injuries.
Chapter 3In the next generation, Alexander (Paris), son of Priam, hears of the mutual abductions and reasons that he too can seize a Greek woman without consequence — after all, no Greek had ever made satisfaction for Medea.
Chapter 4The Persian account draws its moral conclusion: while both sides had carried off women, only the Greeks had done what truly mattered — crossed into Asia with an army to make war.
Chapter 5Having summarised both the Persian and Phoenician versions of the Io story — the Phoenicians say she went willingly after becoming pregnant by the ship's captain — Herodotus famously steps back.
Chapter 6Herodotus introduces Croesus properly: Lydian by race, son of Alyattes, ruler of the nations west of the river Halys.
Chapter 7The Mermnadae, Croesus's family, did not always rule Sardis.
Chapter 8Candaules, the last Heraclid king of Sardis, was passionately in love with his own wife and convinced she was the most beautiful woman alive.
Chapter 9Candaules sweeps aside Gyges's protests and lays out the scheme.
Chapter 10Unable to refuse the king, Gyges agrees and hides in the chamber.
Chapter 11At dawn the queen summons Gyges through her most loyal servants.
Chapter 12The execution is swift and almost entirely without description.
Chapter 13The Lydians are angry at Candaules's murder and rise in arms against Gyges.
Chapter 14Gyges begins his reign by sending lavish offerings to Delphi: more silver than any other man, and a vast quantity of gold.
Chapter 15Ardys, son of Gyges, succeeds his father and presses the wars against the Greek cities.
Chapter 16The dynastic succession moves quickly.
Chapter 17Alyattes inherits the war against Miletus from his father and pursues it with a distinctive logic.
Chapter 18Alyattes prosecutes the war for eleven years total, though the first six belong to his father Sadyattes, who had begun it.
Chapter 19In the twelfth year of the war, the burning crops set fire to the temple of Athena at Assesos in Milesian territory, burning it to the ground.
Chapter 20The Milesians add their own element to the story.
Chapter 21Thrasybulus, forewarned by Periander, devises a stratagem.
Chapter 22The stratagem works perfectly.
Chapter 23The mention of Periander licenses a digression.
Chapter 24Arion, having made his fortune in Italy and Sicily, hires a Corinthian crew to take him home.
Chapter 25Herodotus closes the account of Alyattes briefly: he died after reigning fifty-seven years.
Chapter 26Alyattes dies and his son Croesus succeeds at the age of thirty-five — the man Herodotus has announced from chapter five as the first within human knowledge to wrong the Greeks.
Chapter 27Having subdued the Asian Greeks, Croesus plans to build a fleet and attack the island Greeks.
Chapter 28Herodotus pauses to survey the full extent of Croesus's empire.
Chapter 29As Croesus extends his dominion, all the wise men of Hellas make their way to Sardis, drawn by its wealth and fame.
Chapter 30Croesus shows Solon his treasuries and asks: who is the happiest of all men? He expects to be named.
Chapter 31Solon has named Tellus of Athens as the happiest man he knows, and Croesus, irritated, presses for second place.
Chapter 32Solon lays out the mathematics of a life: seventy years, seventy times three hundred and sixty-five days, not one of which brings the same things as another.
Chapter 33Herodotus closes the Solon episode in a single brief chapter: Croesus dismissed Solon as worthless, thinking him entirely senseless for ignoring present prosperity and bidding men look to the end.
Chapter 34The divine retribution begins with a dream.
Chapter 35Adrastos is the second protagonist of the tragedy that Herodotus is assembling.
Chapter 36At this point in the narrative, the plot thickens through a new element: a prodigious boar appears on Mount Olympus in Mysia, ranging down to destroy the farmland below.
Chapter 37Atys hears about the Mysian boar hunt and is stung by his exclusion.
Chapter 38Croesus responds to Atys's argument by explaining why he has been confined.
Chapter 39Atys receives his father's partial permission and responds with a brief acknowledgment: the logic about iron and boars was the decisive point, and he is grateful for the concession.
Chapter 40Having given his son permission, Croesus now takes what he believes is the decisive precaution: he summons Adrastos and asks him, in the name of the guest-friendship Croesus has shown him, to accompany Atys on the hunt and act as his guardian.
Chapter 41Adrastos does not simply accept.
Chapter 42The agreement is sealed and the party departs for Mount Olympus in Mysia.
Chapter 43The hunters track the boar to a clearing on the mountain.
Chapter 44The Lydians carry the corpse of Atys back to Sardis and Adrastos walks behind it, hands outstretched, asking Croesus to kill him over the body.
Chapter 45After two years of mourning for Atys, Croesus receives news that shakes him out of grief and into political anxiety: Cyrus has overthrown the Median king Astyages.
Chapter 46Herodotus tells us what Croesus was doing on the hundredth day: he was in his palace boiling a tortoise and a lamb together in a bronze cauldron with a bronze lid — a combination so strange and specific that no oracle could guess it by reasoning.
Chapter 47Of the other oracles Croesus tested, only the oracle of Amphiaraos at Thebes also gave a correct answer.
Chapter 48Confirmed that Delphi and Amphiaraos are reliable, Croesus overwhelms both with offerings.
Chapter 49Herodotus catalogs the physical gifts Croesus sent to Delphi with the detail of someone who had seen the objects himself — which he probably had.
Chapter 50Alongside the gifts to Delphi, Croesus sent dedicated objects to the sanctuary of Amphiaraos at Oropus.
Chapter 51The thank-offerings made, Croesus now asks the question he has been building toward: should he make war against the Persians, and if so, should he seek a military ally? The envoys bring the question and the oracle's famous ambiguous reply.
Chapter 52The oracular answers are brought back to Sardis and Croesus hears them with delight.
Chapter 53Having received two favorable oracles, Croesus goes back to Delphi a third time.
Chapter 54Herodotus steps briefly outside the narrative to explain the mule oracle to his reader.
Chapter 55Croesus, advised by the oracle to seek the most powerful Greek ally, surveys the Greek world and finds Athens and Sparta pre-eminent.
Chapter 56The ethnographic digression continues.
Chapter 57Croesus's survey of the most powerful Greek city reaches Athens, where he finds that the city is held down and torn with faction by Peisistratos, son of Hippocrates, who rules as tyrant.
Chapter 58Herodotus tells the story of Peisistratos's first and second tyrannies over Athens in detail.
Chapter 59Having been restored to Athens by the Athena-Phye ruse and the agreement with Megacles, Peisistratos marries Megacles's daughter as agreed.
Chapter 60So Peisistratos received the despotism back in the manner described and took Megacles's daughter to wife as agreed.
Chapter 61Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 62
Chapter 62Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 63
Chapter 63Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 64
Chapter 64Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 65
Chapter 65Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 66
Chapter 66Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 67
Chapter 67Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 68
Chapter 68Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 69
Chapter 69Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 70
Chapter 70Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 71
Chapter 71Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 72
Chapter 72Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 73
Chapter 73Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 74
Chapter 74Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 75
Chapter 75Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 76
Chapter 76Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 77
Chapter 77Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 78
Chapter 78Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 79
Chapter 79Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 80
Chapter 80Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 81
Chapter 81Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 82
Chapter 82Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 83
Chapter 83Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 84
Chapter 84Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 85
Chapter 85Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 86
Chapter 86Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 87
Chapter 87Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 88
Chapter 88Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 89
Chapter 89Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 90
Chapter 90Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 91
Chapter 91Chapter 91 reports the Lydian embassy's return to Delphi after the fall of Sardis.
Chapter 92Chapter 92 is an inventory: the golden lion, the golden mixing-bowls, the silver mixing-vessel, the statues of women in gold, the amber and gold necklaces, and many other objects Croesus deposited at Delphi and at the Theban temple of Apollo Ismenios, along with lesser gifts at Ephesus and Didyma.
Chapter 93Chapter 93 is Herodotus's ethnographic summary of Lydia before he moves on to Persia.
Chapter 94Chapter 94 presents the Lydian tradition of their own origins: that during a severe famine lasting eighteen years, the king divided the population in two, drew lots, and sent half — under his son Tyrrhenus — to find new land.
Chapter 95Chapter 95 is the pivot from Lydia to Persia.
Chapter 96Chapter 96 continues the story of Astyages and the dreams that will produce the fall of Media.
Chapter 97Chapter 97 is one of the Histories' great narrative passages: the classic exposed-infant story, told with Herodotean precision about motivation.
Chapter 98Chapter 98 covers Cyrus's childhood revelation.
Chapter 99Chapter 99 shows Astyages in the grip of wishful interpretation.
Chapter 100Chapter 100 contains one of the most disturbing episodes in the Histories.
Chapter 101Chapter 101 is a short ethnographic insert: Herodotus names the six tribes of the Medes — the Busai, Paretakenoi, Strouchates, Arizantoi, Boudioi, and Magi.
Chapter 102Chapter 102 is one of Herodotus's most politically acute passages.
Chapter 103Chapter 103 follows the rise and fall of Phraortes, son of Deioces.
Chapter 104Chapter 104 covers one of the strangest interludes in ancient history: the Scythian occupation of western Asia.
Chapter 105Chapter 105 is a brief but striking digression within the Scythian interlude.
Chapter 106Chapter 106 is a short military-history note.
Chapter 107Chapter 107 is the formal re-entry into the Cyrus narrative after the long Scythian and Median military digressions.
Chapter 108Chapter 108 gives Astyages the second and clearer of his prophetic dreams.
Chapter 109Chapter 109 follows the chain of delegation that will save Cyrus.
Chapter 110Chapter 110 is the domestic heart of the birth narrative.
Chapter 111Chapter 111 covers the first years of Cyrus's life in the herdsman's household.
Chapter 112Chapter 112 describes the games through which Cyrus's nature reveals itself.
Chapter 113Chapter 113 is the scene of recognition.
Chapter 114Chapter 114 covers the interrogation and confession of Mitradates.
Chapter 115Chapter 115 covers the confrontation between Astyages and Harpagus.
Chapter 116Chapter 116 is the scene of deliberate self-deception.
Chapter 117Chapter 117 covers Cyrus's restoration to his biological family.
Chapter 118Chapter 118 opens the conspiracy that will topple Astyages.
Chapter 119Chapter 119 describes one of the most celebrated episodes in Book 1: Cyrus's method for testing — and then creating — Persian commitment to revolt.
Chapter 120Chapter 120 is the moment of perfect irony in the Astyages narrative.
Chapter 121Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 121
Chapter 122Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 122
Chapter 123Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 123
Chapter 124Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 124
Chapter 125Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 125
Chapter 126Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 126
Chapter 127Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 127
Chapter 128Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 128
Chapter 129Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 129
Chapter 130Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 130
Chapter 131Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 131
Chapter 132Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 132
Chapter 133Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 133
Chapter 134Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 134
Chapter 135Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 135
Chapter 136Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 136
Chapter 137Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 137
Chapter 138Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 138
Chapter 139Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 139
Chapter 140Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 140
Chapter 141Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 141
Chapter 142Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 142
Chapter 143Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 143
Chapter 144Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 144
Chapter 145Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 145
Chapter 146Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 146
Chapter 147Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 147
Chapter 148Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 148
Chapter 149Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 149
Chapter 150Book 1 — Clio, Chapter 150
Chapter 151The embassy to Sparta reads like a study in the gap between ceremonial politics and actual power.
Chapter 152Cyrus's response to the Spartan warning is one of Herodotus's finest set-pieces of cultural collision.
Chapter 153The speed of the Lydian revolt makes the point Herodotus is building toward: entrusting gold and local authority to a native magnate is an invitation to trouble.
Chapter 154The exchange between Cyrus and Croesus is one of the great moments of practical wisdom in the Histories.
Chapter 155Herodotus pauses to unpack the psychology behind Croesus's advice.
Chapter 156The Pactyas episode now pivots from revolt into the political geography of the Ionian coast — a succession of cities that will have to decide whether to shelter or deliver a man who has thrown himself on their mercy.
Chapter 157The consultation at Branchidai puts Kyme in an uncomfortable position: the oracle, the most authoritative religious institution in Ionia, tells them to surrender the suppliant.
Chapter 158This chapter is one of the most extraordinary theological exchanges in all of ancient literature.
Chapter 159Pactyas's journey through the Ionian cities is a study in moral evasion under pressure.
Chapter 160Mazares appears in the Histories as a minor but efficient instrument of Persian revenge.
Chapter 161The appointment of Harpagos brings back into the narrative one of the Histories' most shadowed figures.
Chapter 162Before telling us how Phocaia falls, Herodotus steps back to characterize the city.
Chapter 163The Phocaian response to siege is one of the more extraordinary collective decisions in the Histories.
Chapter 164The episode of the mass oath is psychologically exact.
Chapter 165The Battle of Alalia around 540 BCE is one of the earliest naval engagements Herodotus records, and he frames it with the phrase Cadmean victory — a Greek idiom for a victory that ruins the winner.
Chapter 166This chapter is a piece of divine mechanics that Herodotus records with careful neutrality.
Chapter 167The Teos episode is a compressed parallel to the Phocaian story — compressed, Herodotus says, because nearly the same thing happened.
Chapter 168Herodotus marks the closure of the Ionian conquest with a careful distinction.
Chapter 169Herodotus inserts a double digression on political wisdom at the moment when wisdom has become academic.
Chapter 170With Ionia completed, Harpagos moves south along the Anatolian coast to the peoples of Caria, Caunia, and Lycia, taking Ionians and Aeolians along as auxiliary troops.
Chapter 171The Caunians are a people Herodotus finds deeply interesting because their customs differ sharply from those of everyone around them — Carians, Greeks, and everyone else.
Chapter 172The Lycian digression is one of the most ethnographically precise in the Histories.
Chapter 173The reduction of Caria proper is brief — Herodotus acknowledges it was achieved without notable deeds on either side — but the Cnidian episode is a gem.
Chapter 174The Pedasians are introduced through their sign rather than their strategy.
Chapter 175The fall of Xanthos is one of the most extreme episodes of collective self-destruction in the Histories and perhaps in all of ancient literature.
Chapter 176This chapter is a transitional hinge.
Chapter 177Herodotus's description of Babylon is one of the most sustained architectural passages in the Histories and is presented as personal knowledge — he has been there, or has sources who have.
Chapter 178Herodotus is interested not just in the dimensions but in the supply chain.
Chapter 179Herodotus's Babylon is divided into two halves by the Euphrates, and the river is part of the city's defensive system as much as its commerce.
Chapter 180This final chapter of the Babylonian description gives the city its two sacred and royal centers.
Chapter 181The god in the inner cell — divine presence at Babylon and Thebes
Chapter 182The golden statue of Zeus at Babylon — the great altar and its sacrifices
Chapter 183Semiramis and Nitocris — two queens who ruled Babylon
Chapter 184Nitocris fortifies Babylon against the Medes
Chapter 185Nitocris builds the bridge of Babylon
Chapter 186Nitocris's tomb — the inscription above the city gate
Chapter 187The last king of Babylon — Labynetos son of Nitocris
Chapter 188Cyrus punishes the river Gyndes — three hundred and sixty channels
Chapter 189Cyrus advances on Babylon — the Babylonians give battle and are driven within their walls
Chapter 190Cyrus takes Babylon — the army enters through the diverted Euphrates
Chapter 191Babylon's wealth — the tribute that sustains the Persian king
Chapter 192Agriculture in Assyria — the Babylonian grain harvest and irrigation
Chapter 193The round leather boats of Babylon — coracles on the Euphrates
Chapter 194Babylonian dress and customs — anointing, staffs, and seals
Chapter 195The Babylonian bride auction — the wisest custom Herodotus knows
Chapter 196Babylonian medicine — the sick in the marketplace
Chapter 197Babylonian burial, marital ritual, and the practices of the Arabians
Chapter 198Sacred prostitution at the temple of Aphrodite in Babylon
Chapter 199Fish-eating tribes of Babylonia — three tribes and their practices
Chapter 200Cyrus turns his ambition eastward — the Massagetai beyond the Araxes
Chapter 201The Araxes river and the islands of the haoma-drinkers
Chapter 202The Caspian Sea — a lake apart, not joined to the Mediterranean
Chapter 203The Caucasus and the great plain — home of the Massagetai
Chapter 204Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai rejects Cyrus's marriage proposal
Chapter 205Tomyris warns Cyrus — the choice of battlefield
Chapter 206Croesus counsels Cyrus — the wine trap strategy against the Massagetai
Chapter 207Cyrus adopts Croesus's stratagem and crosses the Araxes
Chapter 208Cyrus summons Hystaspes — sending Darius back to Persia under watch
Chapter 209The wine trap succeeds — the Massagetai army destroyed and Spargapises taken
Chapter 210The death of Cyrus — Tomyris's revenge and the end of the conqueror
Chapter 211Tomyris Warns Cyrus Before Battle
Chapter 212Spargapises Takes His Own Life
Chapter 213The Death of Cyrus at the Hands of Tomyris
Chapter 214Customs and Weapons of the Massagetae
Chapter 215Marriage, Diet, and Religion of the Massagetae
Chapter 216Cambyses Inherits Persia and Turns Toward Egypt
Chapter 217Psammetichos and the Experiment to Find the Oldest People
Chapter 218Herodotus Visits Memphis, Thebes, and Heliopolis
Chapter 219Egypt and the Invention of the Solar Year
Chapter 220Egypt as Land Made by the Nile
Chapter 221The Coastline and Dimensions of Egypt
Chapter 222The Flat Delta Plain from Sea to Heliopolis
Chapter 223The Narrow Valley Above Heliopolis
Chapter 224Distances Up the Nile: Heliopolis to Thebes and Beyond
Chapter 225Herodotus Argues Egypt Was Once a Sea Gulf
Chapter 226The Arabian Gulf and Comparison with Egypt
Chapter 227Shells on the Mountains and Saltwater Springs Confirm the Sea Theory
Chapter 228The Nile's Rising Flood Level and the Future of Egypt
Chapter 229The Nile Delta Compared to the Maeander Valley
Chapter 230Refuting the Ionian Definition of Egypt as Only the Delta
Chapter 231The Ionian Tripartite World Map Shown to Be Inconsistent
Chapter 232Herodotus Defines Egypt by Its Inhabitants, Not Its River
Chapter 233The Oracle of Ammon Supports Herodotus's View of Egypt
Chapter 234The Nile Flood in Summer: The Question Herodotus Cannot Answer
Chapter 235First Theory Refuted: The Etesian Winds Do Not Cause the Flood
Chapter 236Second Theory Refuted: The Ocean Stream Does Not Explain the Flood
Chapter 237Third Theory Refuted: Melting Snow Cannot Explain an African River's Summer Flood
Chapter 238The Ocean Theory Dismissed as Unfalsifiable
Chapter 239Herodotus Proposes His Own Theory of the Nile Flood
Chapter 240The Sun's Passage Over Libya Explained in Detail
Chapter 241Herodotus offers a theoretical explanation for Libya's climate: the sun burns the air dry as it passes overhead, producing constant summer heat in the upper regions.
Chapter 242Continuing his natural-philosophical inquiry, Herodotus addresses a puzzle: why does no cooling breeze come off the Nile in summer? His answer is that breezes originate from cold regions, not hot ones.
Chapter 243Herodotus declares that despite consulting Egyptians, Libyans, and Greeks, no one could identify the Nile's source.
Chapter 244Herodotus tells us he personally traveled as far as Elephantine, the southernmost city of Egypt, to investigate the Nile.
Chapter 245Herodotus describes a settlement called 'the Deserters,' founded by Egyptian soldiers who defected to Ethiopia during the reign of Psammetichus.
Chapter 246Herodotus summarizes how far the Nile is known: a four-month journey combining river travel and overland sections from the Egyptian delta southward.
Chapter 247Herodotus recounts a multi-layered tale.
Chapter 248Herodotus wraps up the story of the Nasamonian explorers with characteristic intellectual caution.
Chapter 249Herodotus draws a symmetrical comparison between the Nile and the Ister (Danube): both rivers originate in the west and flow east, but the Ister passes through populated territory whose inhabitants can report on it, while the Nile flows through desert where no one lives to observe.
Chapter 250With the Nile inquiry concluded, Herodotus pivots to his full ethnographic survey of Egypt.
Chapter 251Herodotus opens his catalogue of Egyptian customs with the priests: unlike other nations where priests wear long hair, Egyptian priests shave their heads.
Chapter 252Herodotus describes Egyptian religious scrupulousness: they rinse bronze cups every day, wear freshly washed linen, circumcise for cleanliness, and shave their entire bodies every other day so that no lice or impurity can contaminate their sacred service.
Chapter 253Herodotus describes the Egyptian inspection ritual for sacrificial oxen: a priest examines the beast's entire body, including inside the mouth and on the tail, looking for any impurity or black hair.
Chapter 254The chapter details Egyptian sacrificial procedure: lead the sealed beast to the altar, light the fire, pour wine, invoke the god, and cut off the head — which is then cursed and, if there are Greek traders, sold to them, or else thrown into the river.
Chapter 255Herodotus says he will describe the greatest Egyptian sacrifice — to Isis — in detail, while acknowledging that different sacrifices are performed differently for different deities.
Chapter 256Herodotus explains that while clean male oxen are sacrificed throughout Egypt, female cattle are entirely prohibited from sacrifice because they are sacred to Isis.
Chapter 257Herodotus explains that Egyptian religious practice varies by district.
Chapter 258Herodotus pursues a bold comparative-religion argument: the Egyptians have worshipped Heracles for 17,000 years — far longer than the Greeks, who made him a demi-god.
Chapter 259To test his Heracles thesis further, Herodotus traveled to Tyre in Phoenicia to examine its temple of Heracles.
Chapter 260Herodotus dismisses a popular Greek myth: that Heracles was captured by Egyptians and nearly sacrificed before killing his captors.
Chapter 261Herodotus explains why Mendesians sacrifice neither goats nor male sheep: Pan is one of the eight gods who predated the twelve Olympians, and he is represented locally in goat form.
Chapter 262Herodotus describes the Egyptian pig taboo in detail: any Egyptian who accidentally touches a pig must immediately plunge into the Nile fully clothed to purify themselves.
Chapter 263Herodotus notes what appears to be a paradox: Egyptians find pigs abominable and exclude swineherds from society, yet they sacrifice pigs to Dionysus and the Moon on the full moon and eat the meat that day.
Chapter 264Herodotus credits Melampus, son of Amytheon, with bringing the Dionysus cult to Greece, including the name, the sacrifice, and the phallic procession.
Chapter 265Herodotus makes his broadest claim in Book 2: nearly all the names of Greek gods came from Egypt.
Chapter 266Herodotus qualifies his sweeping Egypt-origin thesis: the ithyphallic representation of Hermes was not adopted from Egypt but from the Pelasgians, the pre-Greek population of Attica.
Chapter 267Herodotus reports what he learned at Dodona: the Pelasgians originally worshipped unnamed gods, calling them simply 'the gods who arranged all things.' They later adopted divine names from Dodona's oracle, which Herodotus elsewhere connects to Egyptian origins.
Chapter 268Herodotus makes a chronological argument that is remarkable for its boldness: Hesiod and Homer, who gave the Greek gods their characters, genealogies, and attributes, lived only 400 years before him — recently, in historical terms.
Chapter 269The priests at the Theban temple of Zeus told Herodotus that two women in the service of the temple were carried off — one went to Libya, one to Greece (Dodona).
Chapter 270Herodotus now gives the Dodonans' version: two black doves flew from Thebes in Egypt.
Chapter 271Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 56
Chapter 272Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 57
Chapter 273Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 58
Chapter 274Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 59
Chapter 275Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 60
Chapter 276Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 61
Chapter 277Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 62
Chapter 278Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 63
Chapter 279Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 64
Chapter 280Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 65
Chapter 281Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 66
Chapter 282Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 67
Chapter 283Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 68
Chapter 284Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 69
Chapter 285Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 70
Chapter 286Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 71
Chapter 287Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 72
Chapter 288Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 73
Chapter 289Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 74
Chapter 290Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 75
Chapter 291Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 76
Chapter 292Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 77
Chapter 293Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 78
Chapter 294Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 79
Chapter 295Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 80
Chapter 296Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 81
Chapter 297Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 82
Chapter 298Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 83
Chapter 299Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 84
Chapter 300Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 85
Chapter 301Egyptian Embalming: The Costliest Method
Chapter 302The Middle Way of Egyptian Embalming
Chapter 303The Cheapest Egyptian Embalming Method
Chapter 304Safeguarding the Bodies of Noblewomen
Chapter 305The Sacred Status of Crocodile Victims in Egypt
Chapter 306Egyptian Refusal of Foreign Customs
Chapter 307The Customs of Egyptians Living in the Marshes
Chapter 308Fish Breeding in Egyptian Lakes
Chapter 309Castor Oil and Other Egyptian Products of the Fens
Chapter 310Egyptian Defenses Against Gnats
Chapter 311Egyptian Cargo Boats and River Navigation
Chapter 312Egypt During the Nile Flood: A Sea of Islands
Chapter 313Anthylla and Archandropolis: Cities Assigned to the Pharaoh's Household
Chapter 314Herodotus Begins His Account from Egyptian Records
Chapter 315Three Hundred and Thirty Kings and One Queen: Nitocris
Chapter 316Egyptian Kings Who Left No Great Works
Chapter 317Sesostris: Egypt's Greatest Conquering King
Chapter 318Sesostris Conquers Scythia and Thrace
Chapter 319The Colchians as Egyptian Colonists
Chapter 320Colchian Linen and Egyptian Circumcision Practices
Chapter 321Surviving Pillars of Sesostris
Chapter 322Sesostris's Return and His Brother's Treachery
Chapter 323Sesostris's Canal Building and Division of the Land
Chapter 324How Sesostris Invented Geometry
Chapter 325Sesostris Rules Ethiopia and Builds at Memphis
Chapter 326King Pheros and His Blindness
Chapter 327Proteus, King of Memphis
Chapter 328Alexander and Helen Arrive in Egypt
Chapter 329Thonis Reports Alexander's Crime to Proteus
Chapter 330Proteus Detains Alexander and Keeps Helen
Chapter 331Helen in Egypt — Herodotus's Alternative Account of the Trojan War
Chapter 332The Cyprian Epic and Questions of Homeric Authorship
Chapter 333Egyptian Priests on the Trojan War: Was Helen Ever at Troy?
Chapter 334Menelaus Recovers Helen from Egypt After the Fall of Troy
Chapter 335Herodotus Argues Helen Was Not at Troy — Reasoning from Probability
Chapter 336Pharaoh Rhampsinitos and the Gateway of Hephaistos
Chapter 337Rhampsinitos Descends to Hades and Plays Dice with Demeter
Chapter 338Herodotus on Hearsay and the Limits of Historical Knowledge
Chapter 339Pharaoh Cheops: The Builder of the Great Pyramid and Egypt's Tyrant
Chapter 340Construction of the Great Pyramid: Machines, Ramps, and Labor
Chapter 341Cheops's Daughter and the Pyramid Built from Gifts
Chapter 342Pharaoh Chephren: Fifty Years of Misery After Cheops
Chapter 343One Hundred and Six Years of Closed Temples: Egyptian Hatred of Cheops and Chephren
Chapter 344Pharaoh Mykerinos: The Just King Who Reopened Egypt's Temples
Chapter 345The Golden Cow of Mykerinos: His Daughter's Burial in Sais
Chapter 346Alternative Tradition: Mykerinos and His Daughter — Incest and Suicide
Chapter 347Description of the Sacred Cow of Sais: Gold, Crimson Robes, and Lamps
Chapter 348The Oracle of Buto: Mykerinos Told He Will Live Only Six More Years
Chapter 349The Third Pyramid of Giza: Mykerinos's Monument in Ethiopian Stone
Chapter 350Rhodopis of Naucratis: The Courtesan Falsely Credited with a Pyramid
Chapter 351Pharaoh Asychis and the Pyramid of Brick: Origins of Mortgage Law in Egypt
Chapter 352The Blind King Anysis and the Ethiopian Conquest of Egypt
Chapter 353The Temple of Buto: Island Surrounded by Water with a Sacred Chasm
Chapter 354A Dream Ends the Ethiopian Occupation: Sabacos Departs Egypt
Chapter 355The Blind King Anysis Returns: Fifty Years in the Marshes
Chapter 356Pharaoh Sethos the Priest: Egypt's Army Abandoned and Sennacherib's Invasion
Chapter 357Three Hundred and Forty-One Generations of Egyptian Kings: An Immense Chronology
Chapter 358Hecataeus at Thebes and the Wooden Statues of Priests
Chapter 359Egypt's Divine Kings vs. Greek Gods: Contrasting Traditions of Divine Rule
Chapter 360Heracles, Dionysos, and Pan in Egypt: Gods Older Than Their Greek Counterparts
Chapter 361Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 146
Chapter 362Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 147
Chapter 363Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 148
Chapter 364Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 149
Chapter 365Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 150
Chapter 366Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 151
Chapter 367Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 152
Chapter 368Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 153
Chapter 369Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 154
Chapter 370Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 155
Chapter 371Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 156
Chapter 372Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 157
Chapter 373Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 158
Chapter 374Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 159
Chapter 375Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 160
Chapter 376Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 161
Chapter 377Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 162
Chapter 378Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 163
Chapter 379Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 164
Chapter 380Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 165
Chapter 381Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 166
Chapter 382Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 167
Chapter 383Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 168
Chapter 384Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 169
Chapter 385Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 170
Chapter 386Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 171
Chapter 387Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 172
Chapter 388Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 173
Chapter 389Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 174
Chapter 390Book 2 — Euterpe, Chapter 175
Chapter 391Book 2 closes its portrait of Amasis with a brief inventory of his largest dedications: a seventy-five-foot colossus lying before the temple of Hephaistos at Memphis, flanked by two twenty-foot attendant figures on the same base, and a matching colossus at Saïs.
Chapter 392A single paragraph summarises the prosperity of the Amasis era: the highest count of inhabited towns ever recorded in Egypt (twenty thousand), maximum Nile gift, and a law requiring every citizen to declare an honest livelihood on pain of death.
Chapter 393Amasis's philhellenism finds its most concrete expression in the grant of Naucratis as a permanent residence and trading base for Greeks.
Chapter 394A brief but precise chapter on the exclusive commercial status of Naucratis in the period before Amasis.
Chapter 395A short chapter on Amasis's philhellenic generosity extending to the Greek sacred world.
Chapter 396A brief and characteristically digressive Herodotean episode.
Chapter 397The final chapter of Book 2 proper summarises Amasis's dedications in the Greek world: a gold-covered image of Athene and a painted self-portrait at Kyrene; two stone statues and a linen corslet at the temple of Athene at Lindos; two wooden self-portraits at the Samian Heraion.
Chapter 398The opening of Book 3 — Thalia — pivots from Egypt under Amasis to the Persian assault that ended Amasis's dynasty.
Chapter 399Herodotus faithfully reports the Egyptian counter-narrative, then refutes it.
Chapter 400Herodotus records a further etiological story, explicitly flagged as one he does not credit.
Chapter 401A pivotal operational chapter: the defection of Phanes of Halicarnassos, a mercenary officer in Amasis's service, who fled Egypt by ship and made his way to Cambyses.
Chapter 402A geographical interlude that establishes the strategic situation before Cambyses' march.
Chapter 403One of the most characteristically Herodotean digressions: a puzzle posed and then solved.
Chapter 404The answer to the puzzle posed in the previous chapter.
Chapter 405A focused ethnographic chapter on the pledge ceremony of the Arabians.
Chapter 406The Arab king honours his pledge to Cambyses by solving the water problem in one of two ways — Herodotus reports both, noting that he finds the first more credible.
Chapter 407Cambyses arrived too late to face Amasis: the pharaoh had died after a reign of forty-four years, having been embalmed and buried in his own temple tomb.
Chapter 408The battle of Pelusium is introduced by one of the most brutal episodes in the Histories: the Greek and Carian mercenaries in Egyptian service, furious at Phanes for betraying them to a foreign army, seized his children whom he had left behind in Egypt and killed them in front of him between the armies — mixing their blood with wine and water and drinking it before the battle as a kind of imprecatory oath.
Chapter 409A characteristic Herodotean digression from an autopsy: the bones of the Persian and Egyptian dead still lay separately on the battlefield, and Herodotus reports testing them.
Chapter 410After the flight from Pelusium the Egyptians fell back on Memphis.
Chapter 411One of the most famous passages in the Histories: Cambyses' deliberate psychological test of the defeated pharaoh Psammenitos.
Chapter 412The answer Psammenitos gave about the beggar moved even Cambyses to pity; he ordered Psammenitos's son saved from the execution party.
Chapter 413Cambyses' treatment of Amasis's corpse is one of the key exhibits in Herodotus's emerging portrait of the king as impious and erratic.
Chapter 414The overreach that the doctrine of hubris and reversal demands: Cambyses, having conquered Egypt, immediately plans three more campaigns in different directions at once.
Chapter 415A brief ethnographic vignette on the Table of the Sun — the legendary meadow in the suburbs of the Ethiopian city that was said to fill nightly with cooked meat of every four-footed animal by the agency of those citizens in authority, and to be available by day to any comer as a free communal meal.
Chapter 416One of the three planned campaigns is immediately cancelled.
Chapter 417The spy mission is assembled and dispatched.
Chapter 418The Ethiopian king is presented as Herodotus's ideal of uncorrupted natural sovereignty: he perceives the Fish-Eaters are spies, says so directly, and delivers a moral rebuke to Cambyses through them.
Chapter 419After the bow challenge, the Ethiopian king cross-examines the Fish-Eaters about Persian customs.
Chapter 420The Fish-Eaters, having received the king's rebuff, were shown the marvels of his kingdom.
Chapter 421Crystal Coffins of the Ethiopians
Chapter 422Cambyses Marches into Ethiopia
Chapter 423The Lost Army of the Ammonians
Chapter 424Cambyses Confronts the Sacred Bull Apis
Chapter 425Cambyses Summons the Apis Bull
Chapter 426Cambyses Wounds the Sacred Bull
Chapter 427The Onset of Cambyses's Madness
Chapter 428Cambyses Murders His Sister-Wife
Chapter 429Two Accounts of the Sister's Death
Chapter 430Herodotus on Cambyses's Madness
Chapter 431Cambyses Tests Prexaspes with an Arrow
Chapter 432The Arrow in the Heart of Prexaspes's Son
Chapter 433Croesus Rebukes Cambyses and Nearly Dies for It
Chapter 434Cambyses Desecrates Tombs and Temples at Memphis
Chapter 435Herodotus on the Relativity of Custom
Chapter 436Polycrates, Tyrant of Samos
Chapter 437Amasis Warns Polycrates to Sacrifice His Fortune
Chapter 438Polycrates and the Ring Cast into the Sea
Chapter 439The Fish Returns the Ring
Chapter 440Amasis Dissolves the Guest-Friendship
Chapter 441The Spartan Expedition Against Samos
Chapter 442Conflicting Accounts of the Samian Exiles
Chapter 443The Samian Exiles' Appeal to Sparta
Chapter 444The Spartan and Samian Reasons for the Expedition
Chapter 445Corinth Joins the Expedition Against Samos
Chapter 446The Corcyra-Corinth Feud
Chapter 447Periander, Melissa, and the Prophecy About Lycophron
Chapter 448Lycophron's Unyielding Silence Toward His Father
Chapter 449Periander Isolates Lycophron Through Proclamation
Chapter 450Lycophron Agrees to Return — and Is Killed
Chapter 451The Spartan Siege of Samos
Chapter 452Archias and Lycopas: Heroes of a Failed Assault
Chapter 453The Spartans Abandon the Siege of Samos
Chapter 454The Exiled Samians Raid Siphnos
Chapter 455The Siphnian Oracle Explained: The Red Ships
Chapter 456The Samian Exiles Settle in Crete and Kydonia
Chapter 457The Three Great Works of Samos
Chapter 458The Magi Conspiracy: False Smerdis Seizes the Persian Throne
Chapter 459Cambyses Hears of the Usurpation in Syria
Chapter 460Prexaspes Confirms the Murder of the True Smerdis
Chapter 461Cambyses's Fatal Wound and the Dream of Smerdis
Chapter 462Cambyses's Deathbed Confession to the Persians
Chapter 463The Death of Cambyses and the Magian's Reign
Chapter 464The Magian's Seven-Month Reign
Chapter 465Otanes Suspects the Magian Impostor
Chapter 466Phaidyme Discovers the Earless King
Chapter 467Otanes Forms the Conspiracy of the Seven
Chapter 468Darius Presses for Immediate Action
Chapter 469How to Enter the Palace: The Conspirators Plan
Chapter 470Gobryas Urges the Conspirators to Strike
Chapter 471The Magi Try to Co-Opt Prexaspes
Chapter 472Prexaspes's Final Speech: Confession and Death
Chapter 473The Seven Move on the Palace
Chapter 474The Conspirators Enter the Palace Unhindered
Chapter 475The Killing of the Magi
Chapter 476The Persian People Kill the Magi
Chapter 477The Constitutional Debate: Otanes Argues for Democracy
Chapter 478Megabyzos Argues for Oligarchy
Chapter 479Darius Argues for Monarchy
Chapter 480Otanes Withdraws from the Contest for the Throne
Chapter 481Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 84
Chapter 482Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 85
Chapter 483Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 86
Chapter 484Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 87
Chapter 485Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 88
Chapter 486Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 89
Chapter 487Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 90
Chapter 488Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 91
Chapter 489Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 92
Chapter 490Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 93
Chapter 491Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 94
Chapter 492Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 95
Chapter 493Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 96
Chapter 494Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 97
Chapter 495Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 98
Chapter 496Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 99
Chapter 497Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 100
Chapter 498Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 101
Chapter 499Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 102
Chapter 500Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 103
Chapter 501Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 104
Chapter 502Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 105
Chapter 503Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 106
Chapter 504Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 107
Chapter 505Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 108
Chapter 506Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 109
Chapter 507Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 110
Chapter 508Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 111
Chapter 509Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 112
Chapter 510Book 3 — Thalia, Chapter 113
Chapter 511The Furthest Lands — Ethiopia and Its Wonders
Chapter 512The Edges of Europe — Northern Mysteries and the River Eridanos
Chapter 513Gold Guarded by Griffins — The Arimaspians of the North
Chapter 514The Chorasmian Plain and Persian Water Control
Chapter 515Intaphrenes Executed — The Price of Insulting the Royal Court
Chapter 516The Wife of Intaphrenes — Choosing to Save a Brother
Chapter 517Oroites the Satrap and His Designs on Polycrates
Chapter 518Polycrates and Anacreon — The Fateful Message from Oroites
Chapter 519Two Accounts of Polycrates — The Causes of His Downfall
Chapter 520Maiandrios Sent to Inspect — Polycrates Plans His Journey
Chapter 521The Dream of Polycrates's Daughter — An Omen Ignored
Chapter 522The Death of Polycrates at Magnesia
Chapter 523Retribution Falls on Oroites — Darius Takes Vengeance
Chapter 524Darius's Strategy — Turning Oroites's Own Guards Against Him
Chapter 525Bagaios Chosen by Lot — Oroites Assassinated
Chapter 526Darius's Ankle and the Greek Physician Demokedes
Chapter 527Demokedes Heals the King — Winning Favour at Darius's Court
Chapter 528The Career of Demokedes — From Croton to Aegina to Athens
Chapter 529Demokedes in Susa — Saving the Egyptian Physicians
Chapter 530Atossa's Tumour — Demokedes Seizes His Chance
Chapter 531Atossa Urges Darius — The First Plan to Invade Greece
Chapter 532Fifteen Persians Sent to Spy on Greece with Demokedes
Chapter 533The Persian Expedition Sails — Coastal Survey of Greece
Chapter 534Demokedes Escapes — Croton Defends Its Citizen
Chapter 535Gillos the Exile — A Tarentine Rescues the Stranded Persians
Chapter 536Darius Takes Samos — The Debt to Syloson
Chapter 537Syloson at the Court of Darius — A Gift Remembered
Chapter 538Otanes Leads the Persian Expedition to Samos
Chapter 539Maiandrios of Samos — A Would-Be Just Ruler
Chapter 540Maiandrios Abandons Justice — Clinging to Power in Samos
Chapter 541The Persian Restoration of Samos
Chapter 542Charilaos Attacks the Persians
Chapter 543Maiandrios Flees Samos
Chapter 544Otanes Massacres the Samians
Chapter 545Maiandrios at Sparta
Chapter 546Samos Repopulated
Chapter 547The Babylonian Revolt Against Persia
Chapter 548Darius Besieges Babylon
Chapter 549A Year and Seven Months of Siege
Chapter 550Zopyros and the Mule That Foaled
Chapter 551Zopyros Proposes His Plan to Darius
Chapter 552Zopyros Self-Mutilates
Chapter 553Zopyros Enters Babylon as a Deserter
Chapter 554Zopyros Given Command of Babylonian Forces
Chapter 555Babylon Falls by Treachery
Chapter 556Darius's Treatment of Babylon After the Revolt
Chapter 557Darius Honours Zopyros
Chapter 558Darius Prepares to Invade Scythia
Chapter 559Scythian Slavery and the Mare's Milk Economy
Chapter 560The Slaves' Sons Revolt Against Scythia
Chapter 561Scythia Reclaimed, Slaves Expelled
Chapter 562The Scythian Account of Their Origin
Chapter 563The Three Scythian Tribes and Their Origins
Chapter 564The Age of Scythia and the Golden Era
Chapter 565The Greek Account of Scythian Origins: Heracles
Chapter 566Heracles and the Serpent-Woman
Chapter 567The Test of Heracles's Bow
Chapter 568Herodotus's Preferred Account: Scythian Migration
Chapter 569The Kimmerian Displacement and Scythian Pursuit
Chapter 570Aristeas and the Peoples Beyond the Issedonians
Chapter 571Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 14
Chapter 572Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 15
Chapter 573Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 16
Chapter 574Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 17
Chapter 575Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 19
Chapter 576Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 20
Chapter 577Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 21
Chapter 578Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 22
Chapter 579Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 23
Chapter 580Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 24
Chapter 581Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 25
Chapter 582Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 26
Chapter 583Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 27
Chapter 584Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 28
Chapter 585Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 29
Chapter 586Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 30
Chapter 587Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 31
Chapter 588Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 32
Chapter 589Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 33
Chapter 590Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 34
Chapter 591Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 35
Chapter 592Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 36
Chapter 593Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 37
Chapter 594Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 38
Chapter 595Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 39
Chapter 596Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 40
Chapter 597Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 41
Chapter 598Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 42
Chapter 599Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 43
Chapter 600Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 44
Chapter 601The Unknown Extent of Europe
Chapter 602The Scythian Advantage: Geography as Defence
Chapter 603The Rivers of Scythia: An Overview
Chapter 604The Ister (Danube): Tributaries from the North
Chapter 605The Ister Compared with the Nile
Chapter 606Why the Ister Never Floods
Chapter 607The Tyras and Hypanis Rivers
Chapter 608The Borysthenes: Greatest River of Scythia
Chapter 609The Borysthenes in Detail
Chapter 610The Panticapes and Hypacyris Rivers
Chapter 611The Gerrhus and the Royal Scythians
Chapter 612The Tanais and the Boundaries of Scythia
Chapter 613Scythian Water Sources Beyond the Rivers
Chapter 614Scythian Sacrificial Practice
Chapter 615The Scythian Gods
Chapter 616The Altar of Ares
Chapter 617Scythian Cooking Without Fire
Chapter 618The Enarees: Scythian Diviners
Chapter 619When a Scythian King Falls Ill
Chapter 620Scythian Treatment of Enemies: Scalps and Skulls
Chapter 621Scythian Counting of Kills
Chapter 622The Scythian Annual Feast
Chapter 623Scythian Divination Methods
Chapter 624What Happens When a Scythian King Is Ill
Chapter 625Scythian Oaths and Alliances
Chapter 626Burial of a Scythian King
Chapter 627The Royal Burial Mound
Chapter 628The Mounted Guard of the Dead
Chapter 629Scythian Purification After Burial
Chapter 630Hemp in Scythia and Thrace
Chapter 631Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 75
Chapter 632Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 76
Chapter 633Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 77
Chapter 634Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 78
Chapter 635Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 79
Chapter 636Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 80
Chapter 637Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 81
Chapter 638Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 82
Chapter 639Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 83
Chapter 640Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 84
Chapter 641Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 85
Chapter 642Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 86
Chapter 643Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 87
Chapter 644Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 88
Chapter 645Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 89
Chapter 646Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 90
Chapter 647Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 91
Chapter 648Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 92
Chapter 649Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 93
Chapter 650Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 94
Chapter 651Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 95
Chapter 652Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 96
Chapter 653Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 97
Chapter 654Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 98
Chapter 655Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 99
Chapter 656Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 100
Chapter 657Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 101
Chapter 658Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 102
Chapter 659Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 103
Chapter 660Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 104
Chapter 661The Neuroi and the Legend of Werewolves
Chapter 662The Androphagoi: Cannibals Beyond the Scythians
Chapter 663The Melanchlainoi: People of the Black Cloaks
Chapter 664The Budinoi and the Wooden City of Gelonos
Chapter 665Budinoi and Gelonians: Nomads and Farmers in the Same Land
Chapter 666The Amazons and the Origin of the Sauromatai
Chapter 667Scythian Scouts and the Amazon Encampment
Chapter 668The Scythians Make Peace with the Amazons
Chapter 669Amazon Speech and Scythian Learning
Chapter 670The Amazon Proposal: A New Land, New People
Chapter 671Amazon Rules of Life and Marriage
Chapter 672The New Settlement Beyond the Tanaïs
Chapter 673Sauromatai Customs: Women Who Fight and the Imperfect Tongue
Chapter 674Scythian Envoys Call for a Common Alliance
Chapter 675The Neighbours Debate: Some Ally, Some Refuse
Chapter 676The Scythian Strategy: Scorched Earth and Harassment
Chapter 677The Persian Army Enters Scythia
Chapter 678Pursuit Across the Steppe: Persians Follow, Scythians Withdraw
Chapter 679The Wooden City Burns: Persians Enter Budinoi Territory
Chapter 680Darius Builds Forts in the Desert and Turns Back
Chapter 681Scythians Reverse and Pursue: The Hunter Becomes the Hunted
Chapter 682Darius Sends a Message to the Scythian King
Chapter 683Idanthyrsos Answers Darius: We Have No Cities to Defend
Chapter 684Scythians Attack Foragers and Signal the Ionian Guards
Chapter 685Donkeys and Horses: An Unexpected Advantage for Persia
Chapter 686Scythians Bait the Persians with Livestock
Chapter 687The Enigmatic Gifts: Bird, Mouse, Frog, and Arrows
Chapter 688Gobryas Interprets the Gifts Correctly
Chapter 689The Scythians Move on the Ister Bridge
Chapter 690The Final Confrontation: Persians Array for Battle
Chapter 691Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 135
Chapter 692Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 136
Chapter 693Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 137
Chapter 694Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 138
Chapter 695Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 139
Chapter 696Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 140
Chapter 697Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 141
Chapter 698Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 142
Chapter 699Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 143
Chapter 700Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 144
Chapter 701Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 145
Chapter 702Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 146
Chapter 703Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 147
Chapter 704Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 148
Chapter 705Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 149
Chapter 706Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 150
Chapter 707Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 151
Chapter 708Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 152
Chapter 709Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 153
Chapter 710Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 154
Chapter 711Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 155
Chapter 712Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 156
Chapter 713Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 157
Chapter 714Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 158
Chapter 715Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 159
Chapter 716Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 160
Chapter 717Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 161
Chapter 718Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 162
Chapter 719Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 163
Chapter 720Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 164
Chapter 721Book 4, Chapter 165 — Pheretime Flees to Egypt
Chapter 722Book 4, Chapter 166 — Aryandes Imitates Darius and Is Executed
Chapter 723Book 4, Chapter 167 — Persian Army Dispatched to Barca
Chapter 724Book 4, Chapter 168 — The Adyrmachidai of Libya
Chapter 725Book 4, Chapter 169 — The Giligamai and the Silphion Region
Chapter 726Book 4, Chapter 170 — The Asbystai and Their Four-Horse Chariots
Chapter 727Book 4, Chapter 171 — The Auchisai and Bacales
Chapter 728Book 4, Chapter 172 — The Nasamonians: Locust-Eaters and Oath-Takers
Chapter 729Book 4, Chapter 173 — The Psylloi: Destroyed by the South Wind
Chapter 730Book 4, Chapter 174 — The Garamantians: A Reclusive Desert People
Chapter 731Book 4, Chapter 175 — The Macai and the River Kinyps
Chapter 732Book 4, Chapter 176 — The Gindanes: Women Who Count Their Lovers
Chapter 733Book 4, Chapter 177 — The Lotophagoi: Eaters of the Lotus
Chapter 734Book 4, Chapter 178 — The Machlyans and Lake Tritonis
Chapter 735Book 4, Chapter 179 — Jason and the Argo at Lake Tritonis
Chapter 736Book 4, Chapter 180 — The Auseans and the Festival of Athene
Chapter 737Book 4, Chapter 181 — The Belt of Sand and the Salt Hills of the Interior
Chapter 738Book 4, Chapter 182 — Augila: The Oasis of the Nasamonians
Chapter 739Book 4, Chapter 183 — The Garamantians of the Interior
Chapter 740Book 4, Chapter 184 — The Atarantians: A People Without Personal Names
Chapter 741Book 4, Chapter 185 — The Limit of Herodotus's Libyan Knowledge
Chapter 742Book 4, Chapter 186 — Libyan Dietary Taboos and Egyptian Influence
Chapter 743Book 4, Chapter 187 — Libyan Child-Rearing and Cauterisation
Chapter 744Book 4, Chapter 188 — Libyan Sacrifice and Religion
Chapter 745Book 4, Chapter 189 — Athene's Dress Derived from Libyan Women
Chapter 746Book 4, Chapter 190 — Nomadic Libyan Burial Customs
Chapter 747Book 4, Chapter 191 — The Maxyans: Settled Farmers Who Claim Trojan Origin
Chapter 748Book 4, Chapter 192 — Fauna of the Libyan Interior
Chapter 749Book 4, Chapter 193 — The Zauekes: Women as Charioteers in War
Chapter 750Book 4, Chapter 194 — The Gyzantes: Beekeepers Who Eat Monkeys
Chapter 751Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 195
Chapter 752Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 196
Chapter 753Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 197
Chapter 754Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 198
Chapter 755Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 199
Chapter 756Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 200
Chapter 757Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 201
Chapter 758Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 202
Chapter 759Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 203
Chapter 760Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 204
Chapter 761Book 4 — Melpomene, Chapter 205
Chapter 762Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 1
Chapter 763Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 2
Chapter 764Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 3
Chapter 765Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 4
Chapter 766Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 5
Chapter 767Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 6
Chapter 768Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 7
Chapter 769Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 8
Chapter 770Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 9
Chapter 771Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 10
Chapter 772Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 11
Chapter 773Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 12
Chapter 774Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 13
Chapter 775Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 14
Chapter 776Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 15
Chapter 777Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 16
Chapter 778Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 17
Chapter 779Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 18
Chapter 780Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 19
Chapter 781
Chapter 782
Chapter 783
Chapter 784
Chapter 785
Chapter 786
Chapter 787
Chapter 788
Chapter 789
Chapter 790
Chapter 791
Chapter 792
Chapter 793
Chapter 794
Chapter 795
Chapter 796
Chapter 797
Chapter 798
Chapter 799
Chapter 800
Chapter 801
Chapter 802
Chapter 803
Chapter 804
Chapter 805
Chapter 806
Chapter 807
Chapter 808
Chapter 809
Chapter 810
Chapter 811The Road to Susa: Aristagoras and Cleomenes
Chapter 812Aristagoras Bribes Cleomenes: Gorgo's Warning
Chapter 813The Persian Royal Road from Sardis to Susa
Chapter 814Calculating the Distance from Sardis to Susa
Chapter 815Aristagoras Was Right About the Journey
Chapter 816Athens After the Tyrants: The Murder of Hipparchus
Chapter 817The Dream of Hipparchus Before the Panathenaia
Chapter 818The Gephyraians: Assassins of Phoenician Descent
Chapter 819The Phoenician Origin of the Greek Alphabet
Chapter 820Cadmeian Letters on Tripods at Thebes
Chapter 821The Tripod of Scaios: Reading Ancient Greek Inscriptions
Chapter 822The Tripod of Laodamas and the Cadmeian Exile
Chapter 823The Alcmaionidae Bribe the Oracle to Free Athens
Chapter 824Sparta's First Expedition Against the Athenian Tyrants
Chapter 825Cleomenes Leads a Larger Force to Athens
Chapter 826The Fall of the Peisistratids: The Sons Are Captured
Chapter 827Cleisthenes and Isagoras Struggle for Athens
Chapter 828Cleisthenes of Sikyon: The Model for Athens
Chapter 829Renaming the Tribes: Contempt for Dorian Names
Chapter 830Athenian Cleisthenes Reorganises the Tribes
Chapter 831Isagoras Calls Cleomenes and the Curse of Kylon
Chapter 832The Kylonian Affair: Athens' Ancient Curse
Chapter 833Cleomenes Enters Athens and Expels Seven Hundred Families
Chapter 834Athens Recalls Cleisthenes and Sends Envoys to Persia
Chapter 835Cleomenes Plans Revenge on Athens
Chapter 836Demaratus Breaks the Spartan Expedition Against Athens
Chapter 837The Dorians' Four Invasions of Attica
Chapter 838Athens Defeats Boeotia and Chalcis in a Single Day
Chapter 839Freedom Makes Athens Strong: The Value of Equality
Chapter 840Thebes Seeks Revenge and Consults the Oracle
Chapter 841The Oracle Explained: Aegina as Thebes's Helper
Chapter 842The Aeginetans Attack Athens
Chapter 843The Origin of the Athenian-Aeginetan Rivalry: The Epidaurian Cult
Chapter 844Aegina Breaks from Epidaurus
Chapter 845Athens Demands the Sacred Images from Aegina
Chapter 846Athens Attempts to Seize the Images by Force
Chapter 847The Aeginetan Version: Athenians Destroyed by Aeginetan and Argive Forces
Chapter 848The Sole Survivor and the Founding of a Dress Custom
Chapter 849The Origins of Dorian and Ionian Women's Dress
Chapter 850The Ongoing Athenian-Aeginetan Enmity
Chapter 851Sparta Learns of the Alcmaeonid Conspiracy and Moves to Restore Hippias
Chapter 852Sparta Convenes Its Allies to Debate Restoring Hippias
Chapter 853The Corinthian Socles Warns Against Tyranny
Chapter 854Hippias Prophesies Future Athenian-Corinthian Conflict
Chapter 855Hippias Offered Refuge in Macedonia and Thessaly, Settles in Sigeion
Chapter 856The Poet Alcaeus Loses His Armour at Sigeion
Chapter 857Hippias Stirs Up Persia Against Athens
Chapter 858Aristagoras Arrives in Athens and Wins Support for the Ionian Revolt
Chapter 859Aristagoras Provokes Persia Further: The Paeonian Plan
Chapter 860Athens Sends Twenty Ships to Aid Miletus
Chapter 861The Ionian and Athenian Army Marches on Sardis
Chapter 862Sardis Burns: The Ionian Revolt's Most Dramatic Act
Chapter 863The Burning of the Temple of Cybebe and the Persian Pretext
Chapter 864Athens Withdraws from the Ionian Revolt
Chapter 865Cyprus Joins the Revolt: Onesilus Seizes Salamis
Chapter 866Darius Learns of the Burning of Sardis and Vows Revenge on Athens
Chapter 867Darius Releases Histiaeus: A Deception Accepted
Chapter 868Histiaeus Deceives Darius and Departs for the Coast
Chapter 869Events in Cyprus During Histiaeus's Journey West
Chapter 870The Cyprian Despots Offer the Ionians a Strategic Choice
Chapter 871The Battle of Cyprus — Ionian Fleet vs. Phoenicians
Chapter 872Onesilos and the Persian General Artybios
Chapter 873The Samians Excel at Sea; Artybios Falls on Land
Chapter 874Treachery at Curion; Cyprus Revolt Crushed
Chapter 875The Head of Onesilos and the Bees of Amathus
Chapter 876Ionian Fleet Withdraws; Cyprus Re-enslaved
Chapter 877Persian Commanders Advance on the Hellespont Cities
Chapter 878Daurises Takes Hellespont Cities; Carians Resist
Chapter 879Carians Defeated at the Marsyas River
Chapter 880Carians Renew the Fight with Milesian Reinforcements
Chapter 881Carians Avenge Their Defeat by Night Ambush at Pedasos
Chapter 882Hymaies Campaigns in the Propontis and Troad
Chapter 883Artaphrenes and Otanes Campaign in Ionia and Aeolia
Chapter 884Aristagoras Loses Courage and Plans to Flee
Chapter 885Hecataeus Advises a Fortified Island Refuge
Chapter 886Aristagoras Flees to Thrace and Dies at Myrcinus
Chapter 887Book 6 Begins: Histiaeus Returns; Artaphrenes Sees Through Him
Chapter 888Histiaeus Flees Sardis and Attempts to Lead Ionia
Chapter 889Histiaeus Deceives the Ionians About the Revolt's Origin
Chapter 890Histiaeus Tries to Subvert the Persian Garrison at Sardis
Chapter 891Histiaeus Blocked from Miletus; Sets Up at Byzantium
Chapter 892Persia Prepares the Final Assault on Miletus
Chapter 893The Ionians Resolve to Fight at Sea; Fleet Assembles at Lade
Chapter 894Order of Battle: The Ionian Fleet at Lade
Chapter 895Persians Fear the Ionian Fleet; Tyrants Try to Subvert It
Chapter 896Ionians Reject the Tyrants' Offers; Each Fears Being Singled Out
Chapter 897Dionysius of Phocaea Exhorts the Ionians at Lade
Chapter 898Ionian Crews Obey Dionysius but Mutiny After Seven Days
Chapter 899Samians Agree to Desert; Aeaces Recovers His Tyranny
Chapter 900Battle of Lade Begins; Samians Desert Mid-Fight
Chapter 901Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 15
Chapter 902Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 16
Chapter 903Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 17
Chapter 904Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 18
Chapter 905Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 19
Chapter 906Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 20
Chapter 907Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 21
Chapter 908Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 22
Chapter 909Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 23
Chapter 910Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 24
Chapter 911Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 25
Chapter 912Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 26
Chapter 913Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 27
Chapter 914Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 28
Chapter 915Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 29
Chapter 916Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 30
Chapter 917Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 31
Chapter 918Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 32
Chapter 919Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 33
Chapter 920Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 34
Chapter 921Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 35
Chapter 922Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 36
Chapter 923Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 37
Chapter 924Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 38
Chapter 925Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 39
Chapter 926Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 40
Chapter 927Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 41
Chapter 928Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 42
Chapter 929Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 43
Chapter 930Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 44
Chapter 931Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 45
Chapter 932Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 46
Chapter 933Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 47
Chapter 934Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 48
Chapter 935Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 49
Chapter 936Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 50
Chapter 937Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 51
Chapter 938Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 52
Chapter 939Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 53
Chapter 940Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 54
Chapter 941Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 55
Chapter 942Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 56
Chapter 943Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 57
Chapter 944Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 58
Chapter 945Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 59
Chapter 946Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 60
Chapter 947Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 61
Chapter 948Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 62
Chapter 949Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 63
Chapter 950Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 64
Chapter 951Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 65
Chapter 952Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 66
Chapter 953Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 67
Chapter 954Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 68
Chapter 955Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 69
Chapter 956Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 70
Chapter 957Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 71
Chapter 958Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 72
Chapter 959Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 73
Chapter 960Book 6 — Erato, Chapter 74
Chapter 961The Madness and Death of Cleomenes
Chapter 962Cleomenes and the Oracle of Argos
Chapter 963Battle of Sepeia — The Argives Routed
Chapter 964The Ruse of the Herald's Cry
Chapter 965Cleomenes Lures Men from the Sacred Grove
Chapter 966Cleomenes Burns the Sacred Grove of Argos
Chapter 967Cleomenes Denied at the Temple of Hera
Chapter 968Cleomenes Defends His Conduct Before the Ephors
Chapter 969Argos After Sepeia — Slaves and Survivors
Chapter 970Competing Explanations for Cleomenes's Madness
Chapter 971The Egina Hostage Crisis — Leotychides Sent to Athens
Chapter 972The Story of Glaukos and the Sacred Deposit
Chapter 973Egina Attacks Athens — The Sacred Ship Seized
Chapter 974Athens Recruits Nicodromos to Betray Egina
Chapter 975Nicodromos's Revolt Fails — Athens Arrives Too Late
Chapter 976Nicodromos Exiled to Sunion — Athenian Atrocity
Chapter 977Eginetan Oligarchs Massacre Their Opponents
Chapter 978Athens and Egina at Sea — Argive Refusal to Help
Chapter 979Egina Defeats Athens at Sea
Chapter 980Darius Prepares His Expedition Against Athens
Chapter 981The Persian Fleet Assembles in Cilicia
Chapter 982Naxos Taken — Delos Reverenced
Chapter 983The Earthquake of Delos — An Omen
Chapter 984The Persian Fleet Gathers Hostages from the Islands
Chapter 985The Persian Fleet Reaches Eretria
Chapter 986Eretria Betrayed and Burned
Chapter 987The Persians Land at Marathon
Chapter 988Hippias's Dream and the Athenian March to Marathon
Chapter 989The Athenian Generals at Marathon — Miltiades Introduced
Chapter 990Miltiades — Background and Escape from the Persians
Chapter 991Pheidippides and the Appearance of Pan
Chapter 992Pheidippides Reaches Sparta
Chapter 993Hippias's Dream and the Landing at Marathon
Chapter 994The Plataeans Join Athens at Marathon
Chapter 995The Debate Among the Athenian Generals
Chapter 996Miltiades Waits for His Turn of Command
Chapter 997The Athenian Battle Order at Marathon
Chapter 998The Athenians Charge at a Run
Chapter 999The Battle of Marathon: Persian Center Breaks the Greek Line
Chapter 1000Callimachus Killed, Cynegirus Loses His Hand
Chapter 1001The Persians Sail Around Sunion for Athens
Chapter 1002Athens Saved: The Army's Race Back from Marathon
Chapter 1003Casualties at Marathon and the Blindness of Epizelos
Chapter 1004Datis Finds a Gold Image of Apollo
Chapter 1005The Eretrian Captives at the Court of Darius
Chapter 1006The Spartans Arrive Too Late
Chapter 1007Herodotus Defends the Alcmaeonidae
Chapter 1008Callias the Alcmaeonid at the Olympics
Chapter 1009The Alcmaeonidae as Architects of Athenian Democracy
Chapter 1010No Motive for Alcmaeonid Betrayal
Chapter 1011Alcmaeon and the Gold of Croesus
Chapter 1012Cleisthenes of Sicyon Seeks a Son-in-Law
Chapter 1013The Suitors of Agariste
Chapter 1014Cleisthenes Tests the Suitors for a Year
Chapter 1015Hippocleides Dances Away His Marriage
Chapter 1016Megacles the Alcmaeonid Wins Agariste
Chapter 1017Cleisthenes the Reformer Born from the Marriage
Chapter 1018Miltiades Commands an Expedition Against Paros
Chapter 1019The Siege of Paros Begins
Chapter 1020Timo the Priestess and Miltiades's Sacrilege at Paros
Chapter 1021Miltiades Returns from Paros in Disgrace
Chapter 1022The Athenians Prosecute Miltiades
Chapter 1023How Miltiades Seized Lemnos from the Pelasgians
Chapter 1024The Pelasgians Kill Their Athenian Wives and Children
Chapter 1025The Pelasgians' Guilt and the Oracle at Delphi
Chapter 1026Lemnos Surrendered to Athens
Chapter 1027Darius Hears of Marathon and Plans a New Invasion
Chapter 1028The Succession Dispute Among Darius's Sons
Chapter 1029Demaratus Supports Xerxes' Claim to the Throne
Chapter 1030Darius Names Xerxes Heir and Dies
Chapter 1031Xerxes Initially Reluctant to Invade Greece
Chapter 1032Mardonius and the Aleuadae Press for War with Greece
Chapter 1033Xerxes Subdues Egypt and Prepares for Greece
Chapter 1034Xerxes Addresses the Persian Nobles on the Greek War
Chapter 1035Mardonius Endorses the Invasion and Flatters Xerxes
Chapter 1036Artabanus Counsels Against the Invasion
Chapter 1037Xerxes Rebukes Artabanus and Commits to War
Chapter 1038A Vision in the Night Changes Xerxes' Mind
Chapter 1039Xerxes Dismisses the Dream by Day
Chapter 1040The Dream Appears to Artabanus
Chapter 1041Xerxes Proposes Artabanus Test the Dream
Chapter 1042Artabanus Agrees to Test the Dream — and His Reasoning
Chapter 1043The Dream Threatens Artabanus and Confirms the Expedition
Chapter 1044Artabanus Convinced — Advises Xerxes on Strategy
Chapter 1045A Third Dream Confirms the Invasion
Chapter 1046Four Years of Preparation for the Invasion of Greece
Chapter 1047The Scale of Xerxes' Army Surpasses All Previous Expeditions
Chapter 1048Xerxes Digs the Athos Canal
Chapter 1049How the Athos Canal Was Dug
Chapter 1050Herodotus on Xerxes' Motive for the Canal
Chapter 1051Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 25
Chapter 1052Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 26
Chapter 1053Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 27
Chapter 1054Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 28
Chapter 1055Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 29
Chapter 1056Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 30
Chapter 1057Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 31
Chapter 1058Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 32
Chapter 1059Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 33
Chapter 1060Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 34
Chapter 1061Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 36
Chapter 1062Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 37
Chapter 1063Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 38
Chapter 1064Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 40
Chapter 1065Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 41
Chapter 1066Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 42
Chapter 1067Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 43
Chapter 1068Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 44
Chapter 1069Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 45
Chapter 1070Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 46
Chapter 1071Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 47
Chapter 1072Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 48
Chapter 1073Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 49
Chapter 1074Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 50
Chapter 1075Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 51
Chapter 1076Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 52
Chapter 1077Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 53
Chapter 1078Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 54
Chapter 1079Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 55
Chapter 1080Book 7 — Polymnia, Chapter 56
Chapter 1081
Chapter 1082
Chapter 1083
Chapter 1084
Chapter 1085
Chapter 1086
Chapter 1087
Chapter 1088
Chapter 1089
Chapter 1090
Chapter 1091
Chapter 1092
Chapter 1093
Chapter 1094
Chapter 1095
Chapter 1096
Chapter 1097
Chapter 1098
Chapter 1099
Chapter 1100
Chapter 1101
Chapter 1102
Chapter 1103
Chapter 1104
Chapter 1105
Chapter 1106
Chapter 1107
Chapter 1108
Chapter 1109
Chapter 1110
Chapter 1111
Chapter 1112
Chapter 1113
Chapter 1114
Chapter 1115
Chapter 1116
Chapter 1117
Chapter 1118
Chapter 1119
Chapter 1120
Chapter 1121
Chapter 1122
Chapter 1123
Chapter 1124
Chapter 1125
Chapter 1126
Chapter 1127
Chapter 1128
Chapter 1129
Chapter 1130
Chapter 1131
Chapter 1132
Chapter 1133
Chapter 1134
Chapter 1135
Chapter 1136
Chapter 1137
Chapter 1138
Chapter 1139
Chapter 1140
Chapter 1141The Cost of Feeding the Persian Army
Chapter 1142Megacreon's Wry Thanksgiving
Chapter 1143Xerxes Divides the Army at Acanthus
Chapter 1144The Fleet Sails Through the Athos Canal
Chapter 1145The Fleet Rounds Pallene
Chapter 1146The Army Marches Through Paeonia to Therma
Chapter 1147Lions Attack the Baggage Camels
Chapter 1148The Range of Lions in Europe
Chapter 1149The Persian Camp Spreads Across the Thermaic Plain
Chapter 1150Xerxes Sails to View the Vale of Tempe
Chapter 1151The Ancient Lake of Thessaly
Chapter 1152Xerxes Praises the Prudence of the Thessalians
Chapter 1153Heralds Return with Earth and Water
Chapter 1154The Medizing Greek States
Chapter 1155Why Xerxes Sent No Heralds to Athens or Sparta
Chapter 1156The Wrath of Talthybius Falls on Sparta
Chapter 1157Sperthias and Bulis Refuse to Prostrate Before Hydarnes
Chapter 1158The Spartans Refuse to Prostrate Before Xerxes
Chapter 1159The Wrath of Talthybius Appeased — and Later Revived
Chapter 1160Greek Responses to the Coming Invasion
Chapter 1161The Athenians as Saviors of Greece
Chapter 1162The First Oracle to Athens: Flee to the Uttermost Limits
Chapter 1163The Second Oracle: The Wooden Wall
Chapter 1164Interpreting the Wooden Wall Oracle
Chapter 1165Themistocles Interprets the Oracle as the Fleet
Chapter 1166Themistocles Persuades Athens to Build the Fleet
Chapter 1167The Greek Alliance Assembles and Sends Spies
Chapter 1168Xerxes Spares the Greek Spies and Shows Them the Army
Chapter 1169Xerxes's Strategy of Intimidation
Chapter 1170The Greek Alliance Approaches Argos
Chapter 1171The Argive Council and the Oracle's Prohibition
Chapter 1172Xerxes's Herald to Argos and Rival Traditions
Chapter 1173Callias and the Athenian Embassy at Susa
Chapter 1174Herodotus's Suspended Judgment on Argive Conduct
Chapter 1175Gelon of Syracuse: Origins and Rise to Power
Chapter 1176Hippocrates and the Expansion of Gela
Chapter 1177Gelon Seizes Power in Gela and Syracuse
Chapter 1178Gelon Strengthens Syracuse
Chapter 1179Greek Envoys Appeal to Gelon for Alliance
Chapter 1180Gelon's Rebuke: Sparta Ignored Sicily's Earlier Appeals
Chapter 1181Syagros Refuses Gelon's Demand for Command
Chapter 1182Gelon's Final Compromise Offer to the Greeks
Chapter 1183The Athenian Envoy Rejects Gelon's Terms
Chapter 1184Gelon Dismisses the Envoys
Chapter 1185Gelon's Secret Diplomacy with Persia
Chapter 1186Cadmos of Cos: A Portrait of Voluntary Justice
Chapter 1187Carthaginian Invasion of Sicily and the Battle of Himera
Chapter 1188Simultaneous Victories: Himera and Salamis
Chapter 1189Carthaginian Account of Hamilcar's Death
Chapter 1190The Corcyreans: Promises Made and Evaded
Chapter 1191The Cretans Consult Delphi and Decline to Help
Chapter 1192Minos in Sicily and the Mythic Foundation of the Oracle's Warning
Chapter 1193Crete Repopulated After the Sicilian Disaster
Chapter 1194Thessaly's Coerced Medism and Appeal to the Isthmus
Chapter 1195The Greek Expedition to Tempe and Its Abandonment
Chapter 1196Thessaly Goes Over to Persia
Chapter 1197The Greeks Choose Thermopylae and Artemision
Chapter 1198The Geography of Thermopylae and Artemision
Chapter 1199Greek Advance to Thermopylae and the Oracle at Delphi
Chapter 1200The Delphians Pray to the Winds and Enlist Divine Aid
Chapter 1201
Chapter 1202
Chapter 1203
Chapter 1204
Chapter 1205
Chapter 1206
Chapter 1207
Chapter 1208
Chapter 1209
Chapter 1210
Chapter 1211
Chapter 1212
Chapter 1213
Chapter 1214
Chapter 1215
Chapter 1216
Chapter 1217
Chapter 1218
Chapter 1219
Chapter 1220
Chapter 1221
Chapter 1222
Chapter 1223
Chapter 1224
Chapter 1225
Chapter 1226
Chapter 1227
Chapter 1228
Chapter 1229
Chapter 1230
Chapter 1231
Chapter 1232
Chapter 1233
Chapter 1234
Chapter 1235
Chapter 1236
Chapter 1237
Chapter 1238
Chapter 1239
Chapter 1240
Chapter 1241
Chapter 1242
Chapter 1243
Chapter 1244
Chapter 1245
Chapter 1246
Chapter 1247
Chapter 1248
Chapter 1249
Chapter 1250
Chapter 1251
Chapter 1252
Chapter 1253
Chapter 1254
Chapter 1255
Chapter 1256
Chapter 1257
Chapter 1258
Chapter 1259
Chapter 1260
Chapter 1261Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 1
Chapter 1262Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 2
Chapter 1263Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 3
Chapter 1264Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 4
Chapter 1265Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 5
Chapter 1266Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 6
Chapter 1267Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 7
Chapter 1268Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 8
Chapter 1269Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 9
Chapter 1270Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 10
Chapter 1271Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 11
Chapter 1272Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 12
Chapter 1273Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 13
Chapter 1274Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 14
Chapter 1275Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 15
Chapter 1276Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 16
Chapter 1277Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 17
Chapter 1278Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 18
Chapter 1279Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 19
Chapter 1280Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 20
Chapter 1281Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 21
Chapter 1282Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 22
Chapter 1283Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 23
Chapter 1284Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 24
Chapter 1285Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 25
Chapter 1286Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 26
Chapter 1287Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 27
Chapter 1288Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 28
Chapter 1289Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 29
Chapter 1290Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 30
Chapter 1291Book 8, Chapter 31 — Thessalian Guides and the Dorian Corridor
Chapter 1292Book 8, Chapter 32 — The Devastation of Phokis Begins
Chapter 1293Book 8, Chapter 33 — Cities of Phokis Burned; Apollo's Temple at Abai Plundered
Chapter 1294Book 8, Chapter 34 — The Army Divides at Panopeus; Boeotia Submits
Chapter 1295Book 8, Chapter 35 — The Detachment Marches on Delphi
Chapter 1296Book 8, Chapter 36 — Delphi Consults Apollo; the God Claims His Own Defense
Chapter 1297Book 8, Chapter 37 — Divine Signs Before the Temple of Pronaia
Chapter 1298Book 8, Chapter 38 — The Persians Flee Delphi; Miraculous Defenders Appear
Chapter 1299Book 8, Chapter 39 — The Heroes Phylacos and Autonoös; Rocks Preserved as Evidence
Chapter 1300Book 8, Chapter 40 — The Greek Fleet Moves to Salamis; Athens Considers Its Options
Chapter 1301Book 8, Chapter 41 — Athens Evacuated; the Sacred Serpent Refuses Its Honey-Cake
Chapter 1302Book 8, Chapter 42 — The Full Greek Fleet Assembles at Salamis; Eurybiades Commands
Chapter 1303Book 8, Chapter 43 — Peloponnesian Contingents at Salamis
Chapter 1304Book 8, Chapter 44 — The Athenian Contingent; the Pelasgian Origins of Attica
Chapter 1305Book 8, Chapter 45 — Megarian, Amprakiot, and Leucadian Contingents
Chapter 1306Book 8, Chapter 46 — Island Contingents: Aegina, Chalkis, Eretria, Keos, Naxos
Chapter 1307Book 8, Chapter 47 — Croton Sends One Ship; Phaÿllos the Pythian Victor
Chapter 1308Book 8, Chapter 48 — Fifty-Oared Galleys; Total Ships at Salamis: 378
Chapter 1309Book 8, Chapter 49 — Council Debate: Salamis or the Isthmus?
Chapter 1310Book 8, Chapter 50 — News: Xerxes Has Reached Attica; Thespiai and Plataea Burned
Chapter 1311Book 8, Chapter 51 — The Persians Reach Athens; the Acropolis Last Defenders
Chapter 1312Book 8, Chapter 52 — The Siege of the Acropolis; Fire-Arrows Against the Palisade
Chapter 1313Book 8, Chapter 53 — The Acropolis Falls; Persian Soldiers Climb the Unguarded Cliff
Chapter 1314Book 8, Chapter 54 — Xerxes Reports to Susa; Orders Athenian Exiles to Sacrifice
Chapter 1315Book 8, Chapter 55 — Athena's Olive Tree Sprouts Overnight After the Burning
Chapter 1316Book 8, Chapter 56 — The Greeks at Salamis Learn Athens Has Fallen; Commanders Begin to Flee
Chapter 1317Book 8, Chapter 57 — Mnesiphilos Advises Themistocles to Reconvene the Council
Chapter 1318Book 8, Chapter 58 — Themistocles Presents Mnesiphilos's Arguments as His Own
Chapter 1319Book 8, Chapter 59 — Themistocles Speaks Before His Turn; the Corinthian's Rebuke
Chapter 1320Book 8, Chapter 60 — Themistocles Makes the Strategic Case for Fighting at Salamis
Chapter 1321Themistocles Defies Adeimantos
Chapter 1322Themistocles Threatens to Sail Away
Chapter 1323Eurybiades Reverses Course
Chapter 1324Battle Preparations at Salamis
Chapter 1325The Vision of Dicaios — A Mystic Cloud
Chapter 1326The Persian Fleet Moves from Histiaia
Chapter 1327Xerxes Consults His Naval Commanders
Chapter 1328Artemisia Counsels Against the Sea Battle
Chapter 1329Xerxes Praises Artemisia
Chapter 1330The Persian Fleet Deploys at Salamis
Chapter 1331The Peloponnesians Wall the Isthmus
Chapter 1332The Greek Forces at the Isthmus
Chapter 1333The Seven Races of the Peloponnese
Chapter 1334Despair at the Isthmus
Chapter 1335Themistocles Sends the Secret Message
Chapter 1336The Persians Encircle Salamis
Chapter 1337Oracles Fulfilled at Salamis
Chapter 1338Contention Among the Greek Commanders
Chapter 1339Aristeides Arrives with News of Encirclement
Chapter 1340Themistocles Receives the Confirmation
Chapter 1341Aristeides Reports to the Council
Chapter 1342A Tenian Deserter Confirms the Trap
Chapter 1343Themistocles Addresses the Fleet at Dawn
Chapter 1344The Battle of Salamis Begins
Chapter 1345Dispositions at Salamis — Phoenicians and Ionians
Chapter 1346Greek Order Defeats Persian Numbers
Chapter 1347Artemisia Rams Her Own Ally
Chapter 1348Deaths of Persian Commanders
Chapter 1349Phoenicians Blame the Ionians
Chapter 1350The Eginetans Intercept the Persian Retreat
Chapter 1351Polycritos Taunts Themistocles at Salamis
Chapter 1352Aeginetans and Athenians Distinguished at Salamis
Chapter 1353The Corinthian Commander Accused of Flight at Salamis
Chapter 1354Aristides Captures the Isle of Psyttaleia
Chapter 1355Aftermath of Salamis — Wrecks, Spoils, and an Oracle
Chapter 1356Xerxes Fears Being Trapped in Europe
Chapter 1357The Persian Royal Post — Fastest Messengers in the World
Chapter 1358Susa Celebrates, Then Mourns — News from Salamis
Chapter 1359Mardonios Volunteers to Stay and Continue the War
Chapter 1360Xerxes Consults Artemisia — Stay or Retreat?
Chapter 1361Artemisia Advises Xerxes to Withdraw
Chapter 1362Xerxes Decides to Retreat — Artemisia Escorts His Sons
Chapter 1363Hermotimos the Eunuch — His Origin and Status
Chapter 1364Hermotimos Takes Revenge on Panionios the Slave Dealer
Chapter 1365Hermotimos Lures Panionios to His Destruction
Chapter 1366Xerxes Commands Mardonios and the Fleet Withdraws
Chapter 1367Greeks Pursue Xerxes's Fleet to the Hellespont
Chapter 1368Themistocles Argues Against Breaking the Hellespont Bridge
Chapter 1369Themistocles Sends a Secret Message to Xerxes
Chapter 1370Greeks Besiege Andros and Themistocles Extorts Other Islands
Chapter 1371Carystos and Paros Pay Tribute to Themistocles
Chapter 1372Xerxes and Mardonios March North Through Boeotia
Chapter 1373Spartans Demand Satisfaction from Xerxes for Leonidas
Chapter 1374Xerxes Reaches the Hellespont in Thirty-Five Days
Chapter 1375The Bisaltian King Blinds His Sons for Serving Xerxes
Chapter 1376The Persian Army Crosses the Hellespont — Bridges Gone
Chapter 1377Alternative Account — Xerxes Crosses the Aegean by Ship
Chapter 1378Herodotus Rejects the Ship Story as Implausible
Chapter 1379Xerxes at Abdera — Guest-Friendship and a Golden Sword
Chapter 1380Greeks Dedicate Spoils from Salamis — Three Triremes Offered
Chapter 1381Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 122
Chapter 1382Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 123
Chapter 1383Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 124
Chapter 1384Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 125
Chapter 1385Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 126
Chapter 1386Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 127
Chapter 1387Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 128
Chapter 1388Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 129
Chapter 1389Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 130
Chapter 1390Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 131
Chapter 1391Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 132
Chapter 1392Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 133
Chapter 1393Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 134
Chapter 1394Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 135
Chapter 1395Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 136
Chapter 1396Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 137
Chapter 1397Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 138
Chapter 1398Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 139
Chapter 1399Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 140
Chapter 1400Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 141
Chapter 1401Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 142
Chapter 1402Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 143
Chapter 1403Book 8 — Urania, Chapter 144
Chapter 1404Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 1
Chapter 1405Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 2
Chapter 1406Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 3
Chapter 1407Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 4
Chapter 1408Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 5
Chapter 1409Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 6
Chapter 1410Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 7
Chapter 1411The Ephors Delay Their Answer
Chapter 1412Chileos Persuades Sparta to March
Chapter 1413The Spartan Army Departs in Secrecy
Chapter 1414Allied Envoys Discover the Army Is Gone
Chapter 1415Argos Sends Word to Mardonios
Chapter 1416Mardonios Withdraws from Attica
Chapter 1417A Thousand Megarians Reach Megara
Chapter 1418Mardonios Marches to the Asopos
Chapter 1419The Banquet of Attaginos: A Persian Officer's Premonition
Chapter 1420Phocians Alone Refuse to Join Persia
Chapter 1421Persian Cavalry Threatens the Phocians
Chapter 1422The Greek Army Advances to Plataea
Chapter 1423Mardonios Sends Cavalry Against the Greeks
Chapter 1424The Megarians Call for Help Against the Cavalry
Chapter 1425Athenian Archers Wound Masistios's Horse
Chapter 1426Death of Masistios
Chapter 1427Persian Mourning for Masistios
Chapter 1428Greeks Move to Plataea and Display Masistios's Body
Chapter 1429Tegeans and Athenians Dispute the Left Wing
Chapter 1430Athenian Speech: Marathon and the Right to the Wing
Chapter 1431Order of Battle at Plataea: The Greek Line
Chapter 1432Total Greek Hoplite Numbers at Plataea
Chapter 1433Total Greek Force Including Light-Armed Troops
Chapter 1434Mardonios Deploys the Persian Army at the Asopos
Chapter 1435Persian Order of Battle: Nations Arrayed
Chapter 1436Tisamenos the Diviner Is Engaged by Sparta
Chapter 1437The Precedent of Melampus: Demanding Citizenship as Price
Chapter 1438Sparta Grants Tisamenos and His Brother Citizenship
Chapter 1439Sacrifices Favour Defence Only on Both Sides
Chapter 1440Mardonios's Sacrifices Also Forbid Attack
Chapter 1441Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 38
Chapter 1442Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 39
Chapter 1443Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 40
Chapter 1444Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 41
Chapter 1445Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 42
Chapter 1446Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 43
Chapter 1447Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 44
Chapter 1448Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 45
Chapter 1449Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 46
Chapter 1450Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 47
Chapter 1451Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 48
Chapter 1452Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 49
Chapter 1453Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 50
Chapter 1454Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 51
Chapter 1455Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 52
Chapter 1456Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 53
Chapter 1457Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 54
Chapter 1458Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 55
Chapter 1459Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 56
Chapter 1460Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 57
Chapter 1461Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 58
Chapter 1462Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 59
Chapter 1463Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 60
Chapter 1464Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 61
Chapter 1465Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 62
Chapter 1466Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 63
Chapter 1467Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 64
Chapter 1468Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 65
Chapter 1469Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 66
Chapter 1470Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 67
Chapter 1471Persian Cavalry Covers the Barbarian Flight
Chapter 1472Corinthians and Megarians Reach the Battle Too Late
Chapter 1473Athenians Break the Persian Stockade
Chapter 1474Debate Over Who Fought Best at Plataea
Chapter 1475Callicrates: The Most Beautiful Soldier Who Never Fought
Chapter 1476Sophanes of Dekeleia and Athenian Glory
Chapter 1477Sophanes's Iron Anchor: Two Accounts
Chapter 1478Sophanes Defeats an Olympic Champion, Then Falls at Daton
Chapter 1479The Concubine of Pharandates Seeks Pausanias
Chapter 1480Mantineians and Eleians Arrive After the Battle
Chapter 1481Lampon Urges Pausanias to Impale Mardonios
Chapter 1482Pausanias Rejects Vengeance on Mardonios's Corpse
Chapter 1483Plundering the Persian Camp
Chapter 1484The Greeks Divide the Spoil and Dedicate Offerings
Chapter 1485Pausanias Shows the Greeks the Difference Between East and West
Chapter 1486Plataea's Buried Wonders
Chapter 1487The Fate of Mardonios's Body
Chapter 1488Burial of the Greek Dead at Plataea
Chapter 1489Greeks March on Thebes to Demand Medizing Leaders
Chapter 1490Timagenides Offers Himself to End the Siege
Chapter 1491Pausanias Executes the Theban Collaborators Without Trial
Chapter 1492Artabazos's Retreat Through Thessaly and Thrace to Byzantion
Chapter 1493Samian Envoys Reach Leotychides at Delos
Chapter 1494Leotychides Accepts the Omen in the Name Hegesistratos
Chapter 1495The Samians Give Oaths of Alliance and the Fleet Prepares
Chapter 1496Euenios Blinded for Sleeping Through His Watch
Chapter 1497Euenios Chooses His Compensation and Receives the Gift of Prophecy
Chapter 1498Deïphonos the Fleet Diviner: Disputed Descent
Chapter 1499The Greek Fleet Sails to Samos; Persians Retreat to Mycale
Chapter 1500Persians Fortify the Beach at Mycale
Chapter 1501Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 98
Chapter 1502Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 99
Chapter 1503Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 100
Chapter 1504Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 101
Chapter 1505Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 102
Chapter 1506Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 103
Chapter 1507Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 104
Chapter 1508Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 105
Chapter 1509Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 106
Chapter 1510Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 107
Chapter 1511Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 108
Chapter 1512Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 109
Chapter 1513Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 110
Chapter 1514Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 111
Chapter 1515Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 112
Chapter 1516Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 113
Chapter 1517Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 114
Chapter 1518Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 115
Chapter 1519Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 116
Chapter 1520Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 117
Chapter 1521Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 118
Chapter 1522Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 119
Chapter 1523Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 120
Chapter 1524Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 121
Chapter 1525Book 9 — Calliope, Chapter 122

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Book 5 — Terpsichore, Chapter 2

The book itself

Summary & story

What The Histories is, why it matters.

Analysis

Themes

The threads that hold it together.

Who's who

All characters

Everyone who appears.

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