Ezekiel 26
When Tyre celebrated Jerusalem's ruin as commercial opportunity, the oracle turned: Nebuchadnezzar will come with horses, chariots, cavalry, and a great army.
Summary
The oracle against Tyre in chapter 26 is dated precisely: the first day of a month in the eleventh year — which most scholars read as 587-586 BCE, shortly after Jerusalem's fall. The charge is commercial: Tyre saw Jerusalem's destruction as an opportunity — the gate of the peoples is broken, they said, and now trade will be redirected to us. The response is a sustained oracle of destruction in several waves. Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon will besiege the mainland city of Tyre with a great army, siege mounds, and a covering of shields. He will enter the gates and plunder the merchandise and throw the stones of Tyre's towers into the midst of the water. The mainland city will be razed to bare rock.
After Nebuchadnezzar, the oracle opens to a larger horizon: many nations will come against Tyre, like waves of the sea. The stones and timber and soil of Tyre will be thrown into the water. The city will be a bare rock, a place for the spreading of fishing nets. This was not fulfilled literally by Nebuchadnezzar's siege (which ended in a compromise rather than total destruction), but Alexander the Great in 332 BCE did use the debris of the mainland city to build a causeway to the island fortress, destroying the mainland city in the process. The oracle closes with a lament: the coastlands will tremble at the sound of Tyre's fall; the merchants of the sea will weep; how are you destroyed? The oracle is one of the most carefully constructed literary pieces in the book — a charge, a military narrative, and a lament woven together.
- Ezekiel 1Chapter 1 is the founding vision of the book and one of the most visually elaborate passages in the Hebrew Bible.
- Ezekiel 2Chapter 2 is the moment of commissioning that follows the vision.
- Ezekiel 3Chapter 3 completes the call narrative.
- Ezekiel 4Chapter 4 opens the sequence of symbolic acts that are among the most sustained and physically demanding in any prophetic book.
- Ezekiel 5Chapter 5 continues the symbolic acts of the previous chapter and delivers the first extended oracle of judgement.
- Ezekiel 6Chapter 6 is the first oracle directed not to a person or community but to a landscape — the mountains of Israel — which in the prophetic convention stand for the land as a whole and, specifically, for the sites of the high places where illicit worship had been practiced.
- Ezekiel 7Chapter 7 is a sustained poetic oracle — one of the most rhythmically concentrated in the book — announcing the coming day of judgment on the land of Israel.
- Ezekiel 8Chapter 8 opens the extended vision of chapters 8-11, in which Ezekiel is lifted by the spirit and transported from Babylon to Jerusalem.
- Ezekiel 9Chapter 9 is the vision of Jerusalem's judgment carried out.
- Ezekiel 10Chapter 10 is the structural pivot of the temple vision of chapters 8-11.
- Ezekiel 11Chapter 11 closes the temple vision of chapters 8-11.
- Ezekiel 12Chapter 12 contains two symbolic acts performed in view of the exile community.
- Ezekiel 13Chapter 13 is a sustained oracle against the prophets and prophetesses who prophesy out of their own hearts rather than from God's word.
- Ezekiel 14Chapter 14 presents the elders of Israel coming to Ezekiel to inquire of the Lord — the standard prophetic consultative visit.
- Ezekiel 15Chapter 15 is the shortest sustained unit in the book — a brief parable with its interpretation.
- Ezekiel 16Chapter 16 is the longest chapter in the book and one of the most disturbing in the Hebrew Bible.
- Ezekiel 17Chapter 17 is presented explicitly as a riddle and a parable — the only time the book announces itself in this way.
- Ezekiel 18Chapter 18 is the most sustained piece of moral theology in the book and the clearest statement of individual accountability in the Hebrew Bible.
- Ezekiel 19Chapter 19 is explicitly marked as a lamentation — the form used for the dead — and it is the most formally poetic chapter in the first half of the book.
- Ezekiel 20Chapter 20 is the most historically comprehensive oracle in the book.
- Ezekiel 21Chapter 21 is among the most sustained war-oracle sequences in the prophetic literature.
- Ezekiel 22Chapter 22 delivers three distinct oracles against the city of Jerusalem, all focused on the comprehensive moral failure of its institutions.
- Ezekiel 23Chapter 23 is the twin of chapter 16: another extended allegory of sexual infidelity representing Israel's political and cultic failures.
- Ezekiel 24Chapter 24 is the conclusion of the first major section of the book and the climactic symbolic act.
- Ezekiel 25Chapter 25 opens the section of foreign-nation oracles that runs through chapter 32.
- Ezekiel 26Chapter 26 is the first and most sustained of the three chapters addressed against Tyre, the great Phoenician trading city on a rocky island off the Lebanese coast.
- Ezekiel 27Chapter 27 is entirely a lament — a qinah, a dirge — over Tyre, written in the form of a ship's manifest.
- Ezekiel 28Chapter 28 contains two oracles against Tyre's ruler and a brief oracle against Sidon.
- Ezekiel 29Chapter 29 opens the four chapters of oracles against Egypt, the longest of the foreign-nation sections and second only to the Tyre section in literary elaboration.
- Ezekiel 30Chapter 30 contains two oracles.
- Ezekiel 31Chapter 31 is an allegory addressed to Pharaoh in the form of a comparison to the great cedar of Lebanon.
- Ezekiel 32Chapter 32 closes the Egyptian oracle section with two laments.
- Ezekiel 33Chapter 33 is the great hinge of the book of Ezekiel.
- Ezekiel 34Chapter 34 is the parable of the shepherds, one of the most sustained pastoral allegories in the Hebrew prophets.
- Ezekiel 35Chapter 35 is a brief oracle against Mount Seir, the territory of Edom, the neighbouring nation to the south and east of Judah that was Israel's perennial enemy.
- Ezekiel 36Chapter 36 is the theological centre of the restoration section and contains one of the most theologically significant promises in the Hebrew prophetic tradition.
- Ezekiel 37Chapter 37 contains two visions.
- Ezekiel 38Chapters 38 and 39 are the oracle against Gog of Magog, the strangest and most apocalyptically charged passage in Ezekiel.
- Ezekiel 39Chapter 39 narrates the destruction of Gog's army and its aftermath.
- Ezekiel 40Chapter 40 opens the last major section of the book — nine chapters describing a visionary temple in elaborate architectural detail.
- Ezekiel 41Chapter 41 continues the architectural tour into the inner parts of the temple building itself.
- Ezekiel 42Chapter 42 completes the measuring of the main temple complex with two elements: the priestly chambers on the north and south sides of the building, and the measurement of the total outer boundary of the sacred area.
- Ezekiel 43Chapter 43 is the theological culmination of the entire temple vision: the glory of the God of Israel returns.
- Ezekiel 44Chapter 44 deals with two major subjects: the sealing of the east gate and the regulations for the Levites and priests.
- Ezekiel 45Chapter 45 moves from the temple regulations to the regulations for the sacred district and for the prince.
- Ezekiel 46Chapter 46 provides detailed regulations for the use of the gates and for the prince's regular offerings.
- Ezekiel 47Chapter 47 is the most beautiful chapter in the final section and one of the most celebrated images in the Hebrew Bible.
- Ezekiel 48Chapter 48, the final chapter of Ezekiel, lists the allotments of land for the twelve tribes and gives the dimensions of the city and its gates, closing the whole book with the naming of the city.