2 Samuel 3
A general changes sides for reasons the text leaves ambiguous, and David's general kills him for reasons the text makes all too clear.
Summary
The war between the houses drags on, with David growing stronger and the house of Saul weaker. During this time David has six sons in Hebron from six different mothers. Abner, growing strong in the house of Saul, takes Rizpah, one of Saul's concubines. Ish-bosheth accuses him of it — sleeping with a royal concubine was tantamount to a claim on the throne — and Abner responds with fury, reminding Ish-bosheth that he has been the prop of his kingship and threatening to transfer his loyalty to David. He immediately opens negotiations with David, who demands as a condition the return of Michal, his first wife, the daughter of Saul. Michal is taken from her husband Paltiel, who follows weeping all the way to Bahurim, where Abner orders him back. David and Abner meet at Hebron, feast together, and come to agreement. Abner goes in peace.
Joab returns from a raid to find that Abner has been at Hebron and has been sent away. He confronts David privately, argues that Abner came to spy, and then goes after Abner without David's knowledge. He sends messengers calling Abner back to the gate of Hebron, takes him aside in the gateway as if to speak privately, and stabs him under the fifth rib in revenge for Asahel. David, when he learns of it, declares publicly that he and his kingdom are guiltless of Abner's blood. He orders Joab to mourn and himself follows the bier weeping, fasts all day, and composes a lament: 'Died Abner as a fool dieth? Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters.' All the people weep again and perceive that it was not of the king to slay Abner. The political damage is contained, but David says of Joab and his brother: 'These men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me.'
- 2 Samuel 1Chapter 1 is the hinge between 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.
- 2 Samuel 2Chapter 2 opens the period of civil war that will occupy much of the first half of the book.
- 2 Samuel 3Chapter 3 is one of the most politically complex chapters in the book.
- 2 Samuel 4Chapter 4 closes the civil war with a brief, ugly episode.
- 2 Samuel 5Chapter 5 is the pivotal chapter of the book's first half.
- 2 Samuel 6Chapter 6 is one of the most dramatically charged chapters in 2 Samuel, covering two episodes that frame the ark's arrival in Jerusalem.
- 2 Samuel 7Chapter 7 is the theological centre of the entire David narrative and one of the most consequential passages in the Hebrew Bible for later Jewish and Christian thought.
- 2 Samuel 8Chapter 8 reads differently from everything around it.
- 2 Samuel 9Chapter 9 is the chapter the Court History uses to establish one key dimension of David's character before the crisis arrives.
- 2 Samuel 10Chapter 10 establishes the military context of the Bathsheba episode.
- 2 Samuel 11Chapter 11 is the turning point of 2 Samuel and one of the most consequential chapters in biblical narrative.
- 2 Samuel 12Chapter 12 contains the most famous confrontation in the book.
- 2 Samuel 13Chapter 13 is the first fulfilment of Nathan's sentence in chapter 12.
- 2 Samuel 14Chapter 14 covers the three years in which David longs for Absalom but will not recall him, and Joab's intervention to change that.
- 2 Samuel 15Chapter 15 is the emotional nadir of the first movement of the Absalom crisis.
- 2 Samuel 16Chapter 16 covers three encounters as David makes his way out of Jerusalem.
- 2 Samuel 17Chapter 17 is the intelligence chapter of the Absalom revolt and turns on a moment of competitive counsel.
- 2 Samuel 18Chapter 18 is the emotional climax of 2 Samuel.
- 2 Samuel 19Chapter 19 covers David's return to Jerusalem and the political settlements it requires.
- 2 Samuel 20Chapter 20 is the coda to the Absalom crisis.
- 2 Samuel 21Chapter 21 opens the appendix section of 2 Samuel — chapters 21-24 are not chronological narrative but supplementary materials: two episodes of famine and plague bracketing two poems and two hero lists.
- 2 Samuel 22Chapter 22 is an extended psalm, found also as Psalm 18 in the Psalter, which the editors of 2 Samuel have placed near the end of the book as David's retrospective meditation on his life.
- 2 Samuel 23Chapter 23 contains two distinct sections.
- 2 Samuel 24Chapter 24 is the second appendix episode bracketing the poems of chapters 22-23, and it closes the book on an unexpected note.